Is sensory loss an understudied risk factor for frailty? a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Is sensory loss an understudied risk factor for frailty? a systematic review and meta-analysisAutor(es)
Data
2020-07-06Cita bibliográfica
Tan BKJ, Man REK, Gan ATL, Fenwick EK, Varadaraj V, Swenor BK, Gupta P, Wong TY, Trevisan C, Lorenzo-López L, Millán-Calenti JC, Schwanke CHA, Liljas A, Al Snih S, Tokuda Y, Lamoureux EL. Is sensory loss an understudied risk factor for frailty? a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Nov 13;75(12):2461-2470.
Resumo
[Abstract]
Background.
Age-related sensory loss and frailty are common conditions among older adults, but epidemiologic research on their possible links has been inconclusive. Clarifying this relationship is important because sensory loss may be a clinically relevant risk factor for frailty.
Methods.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 3 databases for observational studies investigating 4 sensory impairments—vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)—and their relationships with frailty. We meta-analyzed the cross-sectional associations of VI/HI each with pre-frailty and frailty, investigated sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and assessed publication bias using Egger’s test.
Results.
We included 17 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal studies in our review (N = 34,085) from 766 records. Our cross-sectional meta-analyses found that HI and VI were, respectively, associated with 1.5- to 2-fold greater odds of pre-frailty and 2.5- to 3-fold greater odds of frailty. Our results remained largely unchanged after subgroup analyses and meta-regression, though the association between HI and pre-frailty was no longer significant in 2 subgroups which lacked sufficient studies. We did not detect publication bias. Longitudinal studies largely found positive associations between VI/HI and frailty progression from baseline robustness, though they were inconclusive about frailty progression from baseline pre-frailty. Sparse literature and heterogenous methods precluded meta-analyses and conclusions on the SI/TI–frailty relationships.
Conclusions.
Our meta-analyses demonstrate significant cross-sectional associations between VI/HI with pre-frailty and frailty. Our review also highlights knowledge gaps on the directionality and modifiability of these relationships and the impact of SI/TI and multiple sensory impairments on frailty.
Palabras chave
Gustatory deficit
Hearing loss
Olfactory dysfunction
Sensation disorders
Visual impairment
Hearing loss
Olfactory dysfunction
Sensation disorders
Visual impairment
Versión do editor
Dereitos
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in "The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences" following peer review. The version of record is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/75/12/2461/5868039
ISSN
1758-535X