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Assessment of Cold Ironing and LNG as Mitigation Tools of Short Sea Shipping Emissions in Port: A Spanish Case Study
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] By the end of 2025 European ports are required to provide (Directive 2014/94/EU) facilities to ensure the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) use and on-shore electricity supply for vessels (Cold Ironing—CI). Even though ...
A New Understanding and Modelling of TSP and BP Indices Compared to Safety IMO Ship Requirements
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] Due to the lack of information about the concept of Tons of Steering Pull (TSP) of many escort tugs, and the lack of research works relating the TSP demanded by a tethered vessel with respect to the TSP provided ...
A Detailed Identification of Classificatory Variables in Ship Accidents: A Spanish Case Study
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] The present paper shows an original study of more than 163 ship accidents in Spain showing which of the usually employed variables are related to each type of vessel accident due to the lack of information in ...
New Tendencies in Wind Energy Operation and Maintenance
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] Both the reduction in operating and maintenance (O&M) costs and improved reliability have become top priorities in wind turbine maintenance strategies. O&M costs typically account for 20% to 25% of the total ...
The Influence of Climate Parameters on Maintenance of Wind Farms: A Galician Case Study
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] There are different monitoring procedures in wind farms with two main objectives: (i) to improve energy production by the capability of the national electrical network and (ii) to reduce the stooped hours due ...
Transition to Zero Energy and Low Carbon Emission in Residential Buildings Located in Tropical and Temperate Climates
(MDPI, 2021)
[Abstract] Different methods to achieve zero-energy and low carbon on the scale of a building are shown by most of the research works. Despite this, the recommendations generally offered by researchers do not always ...