Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine Waters
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Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine WatersAutor(es)
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2023-05-05Cita bibliográfica
Png-Gonzalez, L.; Comas-González, R.; Calvo-Manazza, M.; Follana-Berná, G.; Ballesteros, E.; Díaz-Tapia, P.; Falcón, J.M.; García Raso, J.E.; Gofas, S.; González-Porto, M.; et al. Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine Waters. Diversity 2023, 15, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050630
Resumo
[Abstract] The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.
Palabras chave
Alien species
National NIS inventories
Mediterranean Sea
Northeast Atlantic
Descriptor 2
Marine Strategy Framework Directive
National NIS inventories
Mediterranean Sea
Northeast Atlantic
Descriptor 2
Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Descrición
This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Marine Non-Indigenous Species in Europe by 2020, and Predictions through Modelling and Horizon Scanning for 2050
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional
ISSN
1424-2818