Deep Artificial Neural Networks and Neuromorphic Chips for Big Data Analysis: Pharmaceutical and Bioinformatics Applications
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Deep Artificial Neural Networks and Neuromorphic Chips for Big Data Analysis: Pharmaceutical and Bioinformatics ApplicationsData
2016-08-11Cita bibliográfica
Pastur-Romay LA, Cedrón F, Pazos A, Porto-Pazos AB. Deep artificial neural networks and neuromorphic chips for big data analysis: pharmaceutical and bioinformatics applications. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2016 Ago 11 [acceso 2017 Abr 24]; 17(8):1313. Disponible en: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/8/1313/htm
Resumo
[Abstract] Over the past decade, Deep Artificial Neural Networks (DNNs) have become the state-of-the-art algorithms in Machine Learning (ML), speech recognition, computer vision, natural language processing and many other tasks. This was made possible by the advancement in Big Data, Deep Learning (DL) and drastically increased chip processing abilities, especially general-purpose graphical processing units (GPGPUs). All this has created a growing interest in making the most of the potential offered by DNNs in almost every field. An overview of the main architectures of DNNs, and their usefulness in Pharmacology and Bioinformatics are presented in this work. The featured applications are: drug design, virtual screening (VS), Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) research, protein structure prediction and genomics (and other omics) data mining. The future need of neuromorphic hardware for DNNs is also discussed, and the two most advanced chips are reviewed: IBM TrueNorth and SpiNNaker. In addition, this review points out the importance of considering not only neurons, as DNNs and neuromorphic chips should also include glial cells, given the proven importance of astrocytes, a type of glial cell which contributes to information processing in the brain. The Deep Artificial Neuron–Astrocyte Networks (DANAN) could overcome the difficulties in architecture design, learning process and scalability of the current ML methods.
Palabras chave
Artificial neural networks
Artificial neuron–astrocyte networks
Tripartite synapses
Deep learning
Neuromorphic chips
Big Data
Drug design
Quantitative structure-activity relationship
Genomic medicine
Protein structure prediction
Artificial neuron–astrocyte networks
Tripartite synapses
Deep learning
Neuromorphic chips
Big Data
Drug design
Quantitative structure-activity relationship
Genomic medicine
Protein structure prediction
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Dereitos
Atribución 3.0 España
ISSN
1422-0067