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http://hdl.handle.net/2183/41659 Programa de entrenamiento para la prevención de lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en jugadoras de baloncesto
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Pascual Rodríguez, Angel
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Abstract
[Resumen]: Introducción: las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) en el baloncesto femenino afectan negativamente el rendimiento y la salud a largo plazo. La prevención es crucial mediante programas de entrenamiento que mejoran la fuerza y estabilidad articular. Este programa, inspirado en mi experiencia y las dificultades de mis compañeras, busca apoyar a las jugadoras. Como estudiante, identifico desafíos en la implementación de estos programas, como la complejidad de las lesiones, falta de recursos y resistencia al cambio. Superar estos obstáculos es esencial para adoptar practicas preventivas efectivas.
Objetivo: revisar la literatura sobre lesiones del LCA en jugadoras de baloncesto, identificar factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención, y diseñar un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios específicos para prevenir estas lesiones.
Marco teórico: se profundiza en la anatomía y función del LCA en la rodilla, subrayando su papel en la estabilización articular y prevención del desplazamiento anteroposterior de la tibia. Se analizan factores anatómicos y dinámicos que influyen en las lesiones del LCA, como la morfología de la cadera y la fuerza de reacción del suelo. También se aborda la diferencia en la incidencia de lesiones entre atletas masculinos y femeninos y la importancia de la rehabilitación tras una lesión. Se detallan las subdivisiones del LCA, su composición y la relevancia de los estabilizadores dinámicos y la función propioceptiva. Además, se examina la resistencia a la tracción del LCA y se evalúan sus propiedades mecánicas en pruebas de laboratorio.
Revisión Bibliográfica: se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura disponible desde 2014 hasta la fecha actual en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web Of Science y Scopus realizando distintas ecuaciones de búsqueda. Se examinaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados, evaluando la calidad metodológica de los estudios mediante la escala PEDro. Debido a la escasez de datos, fue necesario combinar varios estudios de diferentes deportes practicados únicamente por mujeres. Este estudio buscaba examinar los distintos programas de entrenamiento destinados a evitar lesiones de LCA en jugadoras de baloncesto. Observamos distintos tipos de entrenamientos, desde neuromusculares hasta de estabilidad central.
Propuesta de Intervención: se describe un programa de entrenamiento para prevenir lesiones del LCA en jugadoras de baloncesto, estructurado en 3 fases: pretemporada, temporada y off-season. Las sesiones de entrenamiento se realizarán tres veces por semana antes de los entrenamientos de pista, combinando ejercicios neuromusculares, pliométricos y de estabilidad central. Se realizarán evaluaciones periódicas con pruebas como el Drop Jump y el Y-Balance Test para monitorear el progreso. Las rutinas de ejercicios están estandarizadas, y el cronograma incluye valoraciones antes de cada fase para ajustar el entrenamiento. Se proporciona una ficha de sesión de entrenamiento como ejemplo, detallando la estructura y los ejercicios a realizar.
[Abstract]: Introduction: ACL injuries in women's basketball negatively affect performance and long-term health. Prevention is crucial through training programs that improve strength and joint stability. This program, inspired by my experience and the challenges faced by my teammates, aims to support the players. As a student, I identify challenges in implementing these programs, such as the complexity of injuries, lack of resources, and resistance to change. Overcoming these obstacles is essential to adopt effective preventive practices. Objective: To review the literature on ACL injuries in female basketball players, identify risk factors and prevention strategies, and design a training program with specific exercises to prevent these injuries. Theorical Framework: The anatomy and function of the ACL in the knee are explored, highlighting its role in joint stabilization and the prevention of anteroposterior displacement of the tibia. Anatomical and dynamic factors influencing ACL injuries, such as hip morphology and ground reaction force, are analyzed. Differences in injury incidence between male and female athletes and the importance of rehabilitation after an injury are also addressed. The subdivisions of the ACL, its composition, the relevance of dynamic stabilizers, and proprioceptive function are detailed. Additionally, the tensile strength of the ACL is examined, and its mechanical properties are evaluated in laboratory tests. Literature Review: A comprehensive review of the available literature from 2014 to the present was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using various search equations. Randomized and controlled clinical trials were examined, evaluating the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. Due to a scarcity of data, it was necessary to combine several studies from different sports practiced exclusively by women. This study aimed to examine various training programs intended to prevent ACL injuries in female basketball players. We observed different types of training, from neuromuscular to core stability exercises. Intervention Proposal: A training program to prevent ACL injuries in female basketball players is described, structured into three phases: preseason, season, and off-season. Training sessions will be held three times a week before on-court practices, combining neuromuscular, plyometric, and core stability exercises. Periodic evaluations will be conducted with tests such as the Drop Jump and Y-Balance Test to monitor progress. Exercise routines are standardized, and the schedule includes assessments before each phase to adjust the training. A sample training session sheet is provided, detailing the structure and exercises to be performed.
[Abstract]: Introduction: ACL injuries in women's basketball negatively affect performance and long-term health. Prevention is crucial through training programs that improve strength and joint stability. This program, inspired by my experience and the challenges faced by my teammates, aims to support the players. As a student, I identify challenges in implementing these programs, such as the complexity of injuries, lack of resources, and resistance to change. Overcoming these obstacles is essential to adopt effective preventive practices. Objective: To review the literature on ACL injuries in female basketball players, identify risk factors and prevention strategies, and design a training program with specific exercises to prevent these injuries. Theorical Framework: The anatomy and function of the ACL in the knee are explored, highlighting its role in joint stabilization and the prevention of anteroposterior displacement of the tibia. Anatomical and dynamic factors influencing ACL injuries, such as hip morphology and ground reaction force, are analyzed. Differences in injury incidence between male and female athletes and the importance of rehabilitation after an injury are also addressed. The subdivisions of the ACL, its composition, the relevance of dynamic stabilizers, and proprioceptive function are detailed. Additionally, the tensile strength of the ACL is examined, and its mechanical properties are evaluated in laboratory tests. Literature Review: A comprehensive review of the available literature from 2014 to the present was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using various search equations. Randomized and controlled clinical trials were examined, evaluating the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. Due to a scarcity of data, it was necessary to combine several studies from different sports practiced exclusively by women. This study aimed to examine various training programs intended to prevent ACL injuries in female basketball players. We observed different types of training, from neuromuscular to core stability exercises. Intervention Proposal: A training program to prevent ACL injuries in female basketball players is described, structured into three phases: preseason, season, and off-season. Training sessions will be held three times a week before on-court practices, combining neuromuscular, plyometric, and core stability exercises. Periodic evaluations will be conducted with tests such as the Drop Jump and Y-Balance Test to monitor progress. Exercise routines are standardized, and the schedule includes assessments before each phase to adjust the training. A sample training session sheet is provided, detailing the structure and exercises to be performed.
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