Fernández-López, SaraRodríguez-Gulías, María JesúsCalvo, NuriaRodeiro-Pazos, David2026-03-062026-03-062025Fernández-López, S., Rodríguez-Gulías, M. J., Calvo, N., & Rodeiro-Pazos, D. (2025). Gender diversity and innovation performance in family firms: Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 77, 101904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2025.1019041879-17190923-4748https://hdl.handle.net/2183/47619[Abstract]: This paper, drawing on the upper echelon theory, examines the relationship between the existence and degree of gender diversity in top management teams (TMTs) with firm’s innovation performance, using a sample of 1.808 Spanish manufacturing firms. We follow a two-step multivariate analysis distinguishing between product and process innovation and comparing family and non-family. Our findings show a positive relationship between gender diversity and process innovation, and a U-shaped relationship between the degree of gender diversity and product innovation in family firms, but not in non-family firms.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Family firmsInnovation performanceGender diversityTop management teamsManufacturing industryjournal articleopen access10.1016/j.jengtecman.2025.101904