Maneiro-Catoira, RobertoBrégains, JulioGarcía-Naya, José A.Castedo, Luis2024-02-072024-02-072024-02R. Maneiro-Catoira, J. Brégains, J. A. García-Naya and L. Castedo, "Direct Antenna Frequency-Hopped M-FSK Modulation With Time-Modulated Arrays," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 578-582, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2023.33304351536-12251548-5757http://hdl.handle.net/2183/35477Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract]: We present an innovative approach that simultaneously enables direct antenna frequency-hopped M-ary frequency shift keying (DAFH-MFSK) modulation and beamsteering through the use of time-modulated arrays (TMAs). The distinctive feature of our approach lies in the modulation of the TMA excitations with binary periodic sequences, which can be easily frequency-adjusted and time-delayed to simultaneously allow for DAFH-MFSK direct antenna modulation and beamsteering. Notably, our TMA proposal offers a distinct advantage over conventional architectures in terms of performance metrics, including reduced insertion losses and enhanced phase resolution for beamsteering, while also simplifying hardware complexity.engAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/Beamsteering (BS)Direct antenna modulation (DAM)Frequency hoppingFrequency shift keying modulationTime-modulated arraysjournal articleopen access10.1109/LAWP.2023.3330435