Pereira Ruisánchez, DarielFresnedo, ÓscarPérez-Adán, DarianCastedo, Luis2025-10-092025-10-092025-06D. Pereira-Ruisánchez, Ó. Fresnedo, D. Pérez-Adán and L. Castedo, "Low-Complexity K-Beams Clustering for Intra-Cell Pilot Reuse in Massive MIMO Communications," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 4061-4074, June 2025, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2024.35117181558-08570090-6778https://hdl.handle.net/2183/45936Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract]: Massive MIMO (mMIMO) communication systems are recognized as key enablers of next-generation wireless networks. However, the orthogonal pilot assignments typical of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are not well suited to emerging use cases characterized by short channel coherence times and a high number of connected user equipments (UEs). In this work, we propose a novel approach for intra-cell pilot reuse that leverages the spatial features of correlated mMIMO channels to attain low pilot contamination while using a small number of pilot sequences. The first part of the proposed solution is a groundbreaking clustering algorithm termed K-beams, which splits the complex intra-cell pilot allocation into tractable problems without significant loss of optimality. Then, we introduce a heuristic approach called best-first pilot assignment (BFPA), designed to manage intra-cluster pilot assignments by minimizing interference among the most contaminating UEs. We evaluated the performance of our proposed solution (K-beams+BFPA) in terms of sum-normalized mean-squared error (NMSE) and sum-rate under various challenging network setups. The simulation results show that our approach is a robust alternative to more computationally demanding benchmarks.engmMIMOIntra-cell pilot reuseK-beams clusteringSpatial correlationjournal articleopen access10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3511718