Vempati, SaiRiss, FabianSchlemmer, DanielAourdou, AliTobar, M.J.Shynkarenko, OlexiyYáñez, Armando2026-05-182026-05-182026-04-03Vempati, S.; Riss, F.; Schlemmer, D.; Aourdou, A.; Vidal, M.J.T.; Shynkarenko, O.; Yáñez Casal, A.J. Comparative Microstructural and Mechanical Assessment of Wire vs. Powder Laser-DED (AISI 316L). Metals 2026, 16, 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/met160404002075-4701https://hdl.handle.net/2183/48293[Abstract] Laser-directed energy deposition (DED) using wire or powder feedstock is a promising way to fabricate prototypes in rapid time, including complex metal parts for advanced engineering applications. In this work, AISI 316L stainless steel—a well-known, weldable alloy model—was used to perform a foundational comparative study of wire-fed (LW-DED) and powder-fed (LP-DED) processes, establishing a baseline before progressing to high-temperature alloys. Hollow cylindrical specimens were fabricated and characterized microstructurally and mechanically. LP-DED produced a refined cellular–dendritic structure with primary dendrite arm spacing of 3.29 ± 0.49 µm and slightly higher average hardness (226 ± 8 HV0.2), accompanied by fine, spherical porosity inherent to the powder feedstock. LW-DED generated coarser epitaxial columnar dendrites (5.15 ± 0.69 µm) and slightly lower hardness (206 ± 10 HV0.2) but achieved nearly full density and high material catching efficiency. The results indicate that both methods yield comparable deposits when parameters are controlled, with LP-DED offering enhanced microstructural refinement and LW-DED providing faster deposition and higher build volume. These findings provide practical guidance for the additive manufacturing of high-performance parts and establish a baseline for the application of DED processes to advanced alloys.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Directed energy depositionLW-DEDLP-DEDAISI 316LMicrostructureComponentAdditive manufacturingjournal articleopen access10.3390/met16040400