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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/46261 La evolución del comercio internacional en el sector textil en España. Desde los años 2000 a la actualidad
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Iglesias González, Carla
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Abstract
[Resumen]: El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado analiza la evolución del comercio internacional en
el sector textil en España desde el año 2000 hasta la actualidad, enmarcando el estudio
en el contexto de los profundos cambios estructurales y económicos que ha
experimentado la industria. A lo largo de estas dos décadas, el sector textil español ha
afrontado importantes retos, como la deslocalización de la producción hacia países con
menores costes laborales, el impacto de la globalización, la digitalización y la creciente
competencia internacional. Estos factores han provocado una reducción significativa en
el número de empresas activas, que han pasado de más de 34.000 en el año 2000 a
aproximadamente 17.000 en 2023, y una transformación en la estructura del mercado,
con la consolidación de grandes grupos como Inditex y Mango y el auge de cadenas de
bajo coste y ventas online.
El estudio examina la evolución de la balanza comercial, evidenciando una dependencia
estructural de las importaciones sobre las exportaciones, así como la especialización
productiva y la adaptación de las empresas españolas a los nuevos modelos de negocio.
Se analizan también los efectos de la pandemia de la COVID-19, que aceleró la
digitalización y la necesidad de innovación, y el papel de la sostenibilidad como motor
de cambio en el sector. Además, se presta especial atención a la distribución geográfica
de la industria, destacando el liderazgo de Galicia y la Comunidad Valenciana, y al
fenómeno de la moda rápida, que ha redefinido los patrones de consumo y producción
a nivel global.
En conclusión, el trabajo ofrece una visión crítica y actualizada sobre los principales
desafíos y oportunidades del sector textil español en el comercio internacional,
subrayando la importancia de la innovación, la internacionalización y la sostenibilidad
para mantener la competitividad en un entorno global dinámico y exigente.
[Abstract]: This Final Degree Project analyzes the evolution of international trade in the textile sector in Spain from 2000 to the present, framing the study in the context of the profound structural and economic changes that the industry has undergone. Throughout these two decades, the Spanish textile sector has faced important challenges, such as the relocation of production to countries with lower labor costs, the impact of globalization, digitalization and increasing international competition. These factors have led to a significant reduction in the number of active companies, from more than 34,000 in 2000 to approximately 17,000 in 2023, and a transformation in the market structure, with the consolidation of large groups such as Inditex and Mango and the rise of low-cost chains andThe study examines the evolution of the trade balance, showing a structural dependence of imports on exports, as well as the productive specialization and adaptation of Spanish companies to new business models. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated digitalization and the need for innovation, and the role of sustainability as a driver of change in the sector are also analyzed. In addition, special attention is paid to the geographical distribution of the industry, highlighting the leadership of Galicia and the Valencian Community, and the phenomenon of fast fashion, which has redefined global consumption and production patterns. In conclusion, the paper offers a critical and updated view of the main challenges and opportunities for the Spanish textile sector in international trade, stressing the importance of innovation, internationalization and sustainability to maintain competitiveness in a dynamic and demanding global environment. online sales.
[Abstract]: This Final Degree Project analyzes the evolution of international trade in the textile sector in Spain from 2000 to the present, framing the study in the context of the profound structural and economic changes that the industry has undergone. Throughout these two decades, the Spanish textile sector has faced important challenges, such as the relocation of production to countries with lower labor costs, the impact of globalization, digitalization and increasing international competition. These factors have led to a significant reduction in the number of active companies, from more than 34,000 in 2000 to approximately 17,000 in 2023, and a transformation in the market structure, with the consolidation of large groups such as Inditex and Mango and the rise of low-cost chains andThe study examines the evolution of the trade balance, showing a structural dependence of imports on exports, as well as the productive specialization and adaptation of Spanish companies to new business models. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated digitalization and the need for innovation, and the role of sustainability as a driver of change in the sector are also analyzed. In addition, special attention is paid to the geographical distribution of the industry, highlighting the leadership of Galicia and the Valencian Community, and the phenomenon of fast fashion, which has redefined global consumption and production patterns. In conclusion, the paper offers a critical and updated view of the main challenges and opportunities for the Spanish textile sector in international trade, stressing the importance of innovation, internationalization and sustainability to maintain competitiveness in a dynamic and demanding global environment. online sales.







