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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/46682 Empleo de la inteligencia artificial y consentimiento informado en la asistencia sanitaria
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PEREIRA SÁEZ, C., 2025. Empleo de la inteligencia artificial y consentimiento informado en la asistencia sanitaria. Cuadernos de Bioética, vol.XXXVI, n.117, pp.117-127. ISSN 1132-1989
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[Resumen]: La trascendencia del empleo de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en muchos ámbitos de la existencia humana apremia a reflexionar sobre su relevancia ética. En este trabajo se atiende al significado que su empleo en la asistencia sanitaria tiene para el consentimiento informado del paciente. Para ello se propone, primero, una comprensión de la IA, así como del fundamento del consentimiento informado. A continuación, se atiende brevemente a una cuestión fundamental: la condición libre de la persona humana, sujeto tanto de la ética como del Derecho. La conclusión que se propone es que un empleo de la IA respetuoso con la condición libre de la persona exige entenderla siempre como herramienta, en este caso al servicio del cuidado de la salud. Para que esto no sea una afirmación hueca ha de traducirse en la desmitificación de la IA: es preciso considerarla y emplearla no como auténtico sujeto, sustituto de la persona, sino producto o desarrollo humano, teniendo en cuenta que, en último término, es el ser humano quien la diseña y decide usarla y cómo. Una medida que puede ayudar a evitar la personificación de la IA es asegurar la intervención humana ya en las primeras fases del desarrollo de los sistemas de IA. Tratar de resolver las incertidumbres éticas que plantea la IA exigiendo la intervención humana cuando el sistema está ya desarrollado y toman-do decisiones en la vida real puede ser poco más que un sello que pretende avalar lo que no puede.
[Abstract]: The implications of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in many areas of human existence compels us to reflect on its ethical relevance. This paper addresses the signification of its use in healthcare for patient informed consent. To this end, it first proposes an understanding of AI, as well as the basis for informed consent. Next, a fundamental question is briefly addressed: the free condition of the human person, sub-ject both of ethics and Law. The conclusion proposed is that a use of AI respectful to the free nature of persons requires understanding it always as a tool –in this case, in the service of healthcare. To ensure this is not a hollow assertion, it must be translated into a demystification of AI: It is necessary to consider and use it not as an authentic subject, a substitute for the person, but as a product or human development, taking into account that, ultimately, it is the human being who designs it and decides to use it and how. One measure that can help prevent AI personification is to ensure human intervention already in the early stages of AI system development. Trying to solve the ethical uncertainties posed by AI by requiring human intervention when the AI system is already developed and making decisions in the real life may be little more than a rubber stamp that purports to endorse what it cannot.
[Abstract]: The implications of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in many areas of human existence compels us to reflect on its ethical relevance. This paper addresses the signification of its use in healthcare for patient informed consent. To this end, it first proposes an understanding of AI, as well as the basis for informed consent. Next, a fundamental question is briefly addressed: the free condition of the human person, sub-ject both of ethics and Law. The conclusion proposed is that a use of AI respectful to the free nature of persons requires understanding it always as a tool –in this case, in the service of healthcare. To ensure this is not a hollow assertion, it must be translated into a demystification of AI: It is necessary to consider and use it not as an authentic subject, a substitute for the person, but as a product or human development, taking into account that, ultimately, it is the human being who designs it and decides to use it and how. One measure that can help prevent AI personification is to ensure human intervention already in the early stages of AI system development. Trying to solve the ethical uncertainties posed by AI by requiring human intervention when the AI system is already developed and making decisions in the real life may be little more than a rubber stamp that purports to endorse what it cannot.
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