Extended Reality and Its Role in Medical Education: A Survey

Abstract

[Abstract] As Extended Reality (XR) technologies become increasingly relevant in medical education, this cross-sectional survey at ICBAS investigated undergraduate medical students’ perceptions of XR’s usefulness, learning impact, and potential barriers. Results indicated generally favorable attitudes, especially in anatomy, surgery, and emergency medicine, where spatial comprehension and procedural skills are essential. Nonetheless, many respondents reported minimal prior interaction with XR, frequently linking it to gaming rather than education. Students expressed a preference for hands-on, purpose-driven applications. Perceptions varied by academic year: junior students valued XR for consolidating theoretical knowledge, whereas senior students highlighted its role in simulating clinical practice. A phased approach to curricular integration is advised, starting with basic XR literacy and progressing toward targeted, disciplinespecific implementations.