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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/46738 Cantidad de deberes, tiempo dedicado y aprovechamiento: un análisis de perfiles latentes en educación secundaria
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Rodríguez, S., Vieites, T., Rodríguez-Llorente, C., Valle, A., & Núñez, J. C. (2025). Cantidad de deberes, tiempo dedicado y aprovechamiento: un análisis de perfiles latentes en educación secundaria. Educación XX1, 28(1), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.39364
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[Resumen] La investigación pasada sugiere que la cantidad de deberes realizados, el tiempo dedicado a los mismos o, incluso, la gestión del tiempo, no se relacionan positivamente con un mayor rendimiento cuando se toman individualmente. Por ello, el principal propósito de este estudio es identificar perfiles de estudiantes, definidos en base a la cantidad de deberes escolares que realizan, el tiempo que dedican a realizarlos y la gestión de ese tiempo. Se trata de comprobar las diversas combinaciones que se dan dentro de las y los participantes con respecto a la implicación conductual en las tareas académicas realizadas en el hogar, integrando una perspectiva centrada en la persona y no tomando las variables de forma independiente. Una vez identificados, definidos y caracterizados potenciales perfiles, se pretende averiguar cuáles son sus diferencias a nivel afectivo-motivacional y cognitivo y también con respecto al rendimiento académico. La muestra está integrada por 1935 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) pertenecientes a 22 centros educativos de Galicia y de Asturias. Se han identificado tres perfiles de implicación conductual según su nivel de implicación: media-alta, media y baja. A su vez, estos tres perfiles se relacionan de manera diferente con la motivación, la ansiedad, el enfoque de trabajo y el rendimiento académico. En concreto, y en general, cuanto mayor es el nivel de implicación conductual mayor es la motivación intrínseca, menor la ansiedad ante los deberes, más profundo el enfoque de trabajo sobre los mismos y mayor el rendimiento académico. Como conclusión, se discute la necesidad de tomar en cuenta, al menos, estas tres variables de implicación conductual –cantidad de deberes realizados, tiempo dedicado y gestión del tiempo– según los perfiles encontrados para ser capaces de asegurar condiciones óptimas personales de trabajo en los deberes y un buen rendimiento académico.
[Abstract] Previous research suggests that the amount of homework done, the time spent on it, or even how that time is managed, are not positively related to higher academic performance when taken individually. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify student profiles, defined on the basis of the amount of homework they complete, the time they spend doing it, and the management of that time. The aim is to verify the various combinations that occur within the participants with respect to behavioral involvement in academic tasks performed at home, integrating a person-centered perspective and not taking the variables independently. Once potential profiles have been identified, defined and characterized, the aim is to find out what their differences are at an affective-motivational and cognitive level and also with respect to academic performance. The sample is composed of 1935 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) from 22 schools in Galicia and Asturias. Three behavioral involvement profiles have been identified according to their level of involvement: medium-high, medium, and low. In turn, these three profiles are differently related to intrinsic motivation, anxiety, approach to learning, and academic performance. Specifically, the higher the level of behavioral involvement, the higher the intrinsic motivation, the lower the homework anxiety, the deeper the homework approach, and the higher the academic performance. In conclusion, we discuss the need to take into account, at least, these three behavioral involvement variables –amount of homework completed by the student, time spent, and time management– according to the profiles found to be able to ensure optimal personal homework work conditions and good academic achievement.
[Abstract] Previous research suggests that the amount of homework done, the time spent on it, or even how that time is managed, are not positively related to higher academic performance when taken individually. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify student profiles, defined on the basis of the amount of homework they complete, the time they spend doing it, and the management of that time. The aim is to verify the various combinations that occur within the participants with respect to behavioral involvement in academic tasks performed at home, integrating a person-centered perspective and not taking the variables independently. Once potential profiles have been identified, defined and characterized, the aim is to find out what their differences are at an affective-motivational and cognitive level and also with respect to academic performance. The sample is composed of 1935 students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) from 22 schools in Galicia and Asturias. Three behavioral involvement profiles have been identified according to their level of involvement: medium-high, medium, and low. In turn, these three profiles are differently related to intrinsic motivation, anxiety, approach to learning, and academic performance. Specifically, the higher the level of behavioral involvement, the higher the intrinsic motivation, the lower the homework anxiety, the deeper the homework approach, and the higher the academic performance. In conclusion, we discuss the need to take into account, at least, these three behavioral involvement variables –amount of homework completed by the student, time spent, and time management– according to the profiles found to be able to ensure optimal personal homework work conditions and good academic achievement.
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