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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/46339 Efectividad de las intervenciones tecnológicas para prevenir y combatir el aislamiento social y la soledad en personas mayores que viven solas.
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Sosa Garcete, Rubén
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Abstract
[Resumen] Introducción: La soledad y el aislamiento social constituyen una crisis de salud pública para las personas mayores. Las intervenciones tecnológicas ofrecen una solución prometedora, pero su efectividad real es incierta y presenta resultados inconsistentes en la literatura. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre la efectividad de estas tecnologías en personas mayores de 65 años que viven solas.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda de estudios primarios publicados en la última década se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed. Se aplicaron criterios de selección rigurosos para identificar los artículos pertinentes y los hallazgos fueron sintetizados de forma cualitativa.
Resultados: A partir de 3.138 registros identificados, se incluyeron 13 estudios. La evidencia recopilada mostró una notable heterogeneidad en los diseños y las intervenciones. Las más eficaces fueron las de carácter multifacético, como un programa basado en un robot social que logró una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la soledad (p < 0,001).
Conclusiones: El éxito de las intervenciones tecnológicas no dependió del dispositivo en sí, sino de su integración en un programa estructurado que promovió la participación activa. La tecnología demostró ser más efectiva para aumentar los contactos sociales que para aliviar el sentimiento de soledad, lo que subraya la necesidad de diseñar futuras intervenciones que fomenten conexiones humanas de calidad.
[Abstract] Introduction: Loneliness and social isolation constitute a public health crisis for older adults. Technological interventions offer a promising solution, but their actual effectiveness is uncertain and inconsistent results are presented in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze and synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of these technologies in people over 65 years of age living alone. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search for primary studies published in the last decade was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Rigorous selection criteria were applied to identify relevant articles, and the findings were qualitatively synthesized. Results: From 3,138 records identified, 13 studies were included. The evidence collected showed notable heterogeneity in designs and interventions. The most effective were multifaceted, such as a program based on a social robot that achieved a statistically significant reduction in loneliness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The success of the technological interventions did not depend on the device itself, but rather on its integration into a structured program that promoted active participation. The technology proved more effective at increasing social contacts than at alleviating feelings of loneliness, underscoring the need to design future interventions that Foster quality human connections.
[Abstract] Introduction: Loneliness and social isolation constitute a public health crisis for older adults. Technological interventions offer a promising solution, but their actual effectiveness is uncertain and inconsistent results are presented in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze and synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of these technologies in people over 65 years of age living alone. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search for primary studies published in the last decade was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Rigorous selection criteria were applied to identify relevant articles, and the findings were qualitatively synthesized. Results: From 3,138 records identified, 13 studies were included. The evidence collected showed notable heterogeneity in designs and interventions. The most effective were multifaceted, such as a program based on a social robot that achieved a statistically significant reduction in loneliness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The success of the technological interventions did not depend on the device itself, but rather on its integration into a structured program that promoted active participation. The technology proved more effective at increasing social contacts than at alleviating feelings of loneliness, underscoring the need to design future interventions that Foster quality human connections.