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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/47608 Acciones colectivas y justicia restaurativa: hacia una tutela judicial más efectiva del medio ambiente
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Neira Pena, A. M. (2026). Acciones colectivas y justicia restaurativa: hacia una tutela judicial más efectiva del medio ambiente. Estudios Penales Y Criminológicos, 48(Ext.), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.15304/epc.48.10939
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[Resumen] Este trabajo analiza la insuficiencia de la tutela procesal ambiental en España frente a la gravedad de los daños ecológicos. El esquema actual, centrado en el daño individual, resulta ineficaz para proteger derechos supraindividuales. Se identifican dos limitaciones críticas: la regulación sectorial de las acciones colectivas en la LEC, que excluye a entidades ecologistas en defensa de intereses difusos, y las restricciones de la acción popular en el ámbito penal para ejercer la acción civil ex delicto. Ante esto, se proponen dos reformas esenciales. Primero, regular un sistema integral de acciones colectivas en la LEC que otorgue legitimación procesal explícita a las organizaciones ambientales. Segundo, implementar la justicia restaurativa en delitos medioambientales, aprovechando la oportunidad estratégica de la Disposición Adicional 9ª de la LECrim. Esta vía prioriza la autorresponsabilización y la restauración del ecosistema, sugiriendo condicionar la suspensión de penas a personas jurídicas al cumplimiento estricto de acuerdos restaurativos para una reparación efectiva.
[Abstract] This paper analyzes the insufficiency of environmental procedural protection in Spain in the face of increasingly severe ecological damage. The current framework, centered on individual harm, proves ineffective for protecting supra-individual rights. Two critical limitations are identified: the sector-specific regulation of collective actions in the Spanish Civil Procedure Act (LEC), which excludes environmental organizations from defending diffuse interests, and the restrictions on the "popular action" (acción popular) within criminal proceedings regarding claims for remediation. Consequently, two essential reforms are proposed. First, the regulation of a comprehensive system of collective actions in the LEC that grants explicit procedural standing to environmental organizations. Second, the implementation of restorative justice in environmental crimes, leveraging the strategic opportunity provided by the 9th Additional Provision of the Criminal Procedure Act (LECrim). This approach prioritizes self-responsibility and ecosystem restoration, suggesting that the suspensión of penalties for legal entities be conditioned upon strict compliance with restorative agreements to ensure effective reparation.
[Abstract] This paper analyzes the insufficiency of environmental procedural protection in Spain in the face of increasingly severe ecological damage. The current framework, centered on individual harm, proves ineffective for protecting supra-individual rights. Two critical limitations are identified: the sector-specific regulation of collective actions in the Spanish Civil Procedure Act (LEC), which excludes environmental organizations from defending diffuse interests, and the restrictions on the "popular action" (acción popular) within criminal proceedings regarding claims for remediation. Consequently, two essential reforms are proposed. First, the regulation of a comprehensive system of collective actions in the LEC that grants explicit procedural standing to environmental organizations. Second, the implementation of restorative justice in environmental crimes, leveraging the strategic opportunity provided by the 9th Additional Provision of the Criminal Procedure Act (LECrim). This approach prioritizes self-responsibility and ecosystem restoration, suggesting that the suspensión of penalties for legal entities be conditioned upon strict compliance with restorative agreements to ensure effective reparation.
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Copyright © Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International







