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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/47198 Una aproximación para juzgar con perspectiva de género: la necesidad de erradicar los prejuicios de género en los casos de violencia sexual
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García Adán, A. (2025). Una aproximación para juzgar con perspectiva de género: la necesidad de erradicar los prejuicios de género en los casos de violencia sexual. Feminismo/s, 45, 206-233. https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2025.45.08
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Abstract
[Resumen]: La violencia sexual es una forma de violencia estructural que afecta con severidad a nuestras comunidades. Aunque cada vez se tipifica y sanciona con mayor rigor, persisten estereotipos y prejuicios que configuran esta violencia, afectando a su tratamiento ante los Tribunales. Este trabajo busca iniciar un debate sobre la necesidad de integrar la perspectiva de género en el Derecho, específicamente en los procedimientos penales relacionados con delitos de violencia sexual. Se examina cómo, a través de las máximas de experiencia, pueden emerger prejuicios que todavía persisten en torno a la sexualidad de mujeres y niñas, y se subraya la importancia de identificar y neutralizar estos prejuicios para lograr una justicia equitativa. Para abordar este objetivo, se utilizarán algunos protocolos existentes en América Latina que cuestionan la neutralidad de las normas y promueven la aplicación de la perspectiva de género en la valoración de pruebas. A través de estos protocolos, se analizarán diversas sentencias judiciales para identificar y evaluar los prejuicios relacionados con el género, la raza y la clase social, y cómo estos afectan la valoración de los hechos. Este análisis permitirá comprender cómo las percepciones preconcebidas pueden influir en el proceso judicial y cómo la perspectiva de género puede ayudar a mitigar estos efectos. La intención de este artículo es proporcionar una visión crítica de cómo los prejuicios influyen en la justicia penal y proponer estrategias para una valoración más justa y equitativa de los casos de violencia sexual. Esta reflexión es crucial para avanzar hacia un sistema judicial más inclusivo y sensible a las realidades de las víctimas.
[Abstract]: Sexual violence is a form of structural violence that has a profound impact on our communities. Although it is increasingly codified and sanctioned, there are still stereotypes and prejudices that shape this violence and influence its treatment in the courts. This paper seeks to initiate a debate on the need to integrate a gender perspective into the law, particularly in criminal proceedings related to sexual violence. It examines how the use of legal principles and presumptions can still give rise to prejudices about the sexuality of women and girls and highlights the importance of identifying and neutralising these biases in order to achieve equitable justice. To achieve this goal, existing protocols in Latin America that challenge the neutrality of legal norms and promote the application of a gender perspective in the evaluation of evidence will be used. These protocols will be used to analyse different judicial decisions in order to identify and assess gender, race and social class biases and how they affect the evaluation of facts. This analysis will provide insight into how bias can influence the judicial process and how a gender perspective can help to mitigate these effects. The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how biases influence criminal justice and to propose strategies for a fairer and more just assessment of sexual violence cases. This reflection is crucial in order to move towards a more inclusive justice system that is sensitive to the realities of victims.
[Abstract]: Sexual violence is a form of structural violence that has a profound impact on our communities. Although it is increasingly codified and sanctioned, there are still stereotypes and prejudices that shape this violence and influence its treatment in the courts. This paper seeks to initiate a debate on the need to integrate a gender perspective into the law, particularly in criminal proceedings related to sexual violence. It examines how the use of legal principles and presumptions can still give rise to prejudices about the sexuality of women and girls and highlights the importance of identifying and neutralising these biases in order to achieve equitable justice. To achieve this goal, existing protocols in Latin America that challenge the neutrality of legal norms and promote the application of a gender perspective in the evaluation of evidence will be used. These protocols will be used to analyse different judicial decisions in order to identify and assess gender, race and social class biases and how they affect the evaluation of facts. This analysis will provide insight into how bias can influence the judicial process and how a gender perspective can help to mitigate these effects. The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how biases influence criminal justice and to propose strategies for a fairer and more just assessment of sexual violence cases. This reflection is crucial in order to move towards a more inclusive justice system that is sensitive to the realities of victims.
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Violencia sexual Delitos contra la libertad sexual Proceso penal Prejuicios Perspectiva de género Valoración probatoria Máximas de experiencia Cláusula Romeo y Julieta Sexual violence Offences against sexual freedom Criminal proceedings Prejudices Gender perspective Assessment of evidence Maxims of experience Romeo and Juliet clause
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