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http://hdl.handle.net/2183/37106 Aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa residual: caso de estudio de los restos de comida de familias de estudiantes de la Universidad de Guayaquil, para producción de biogás
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González-Cañizález, Yomar
Coello Pisco, Silvia Magdalena
Hidalgo, José
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Coello-Pisco, S. M., Rodríguez-Gómez, B. A., González-Cañizalez, Y. A., & Hidalgo-Crespo, J. A. (2021). Aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa residual: caso de estudio de los restos de comida de familias de estudiantes de la Universidad de Guayaquil, para producción de biogás. FIGEMPA: Investigación Y Desarrollo, 12(2), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.29166/revfig.v12i2.3251
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Abstract
[Resumen] Este trabajo describe el potencial energético de cierto tipo de biomasa residual (restos de comida) que
proviene de los hogares urbanos y que pueden ser utilizados como un recurso energético alternativo de
energía limpia, diferente a la actual dependencia de la energía fósil (gas GLP doméstico). El objetivo del
estudio fue demostrar que el nivel de producción de biogás está determinado por la valorización energética
del sustrato orgánico (restos de comida), el cual es viable para alimentar un dispositivo basado en
fermentación metánica que sustituya a los actuales cilindros de gas doméstico de 15 kg. La aportación
científica del artículo es el resultado de la investigación llevada a cabo mediante el diseño experimental al
azar con cinco muestras de 196 hogares y dos muestras de dos hogares independiente y su posterior análisis.
Los parámetros que se midieron fueron: análisis físico, punto de fusión de ceniza, análisis elemental
y contenido energético cuyas variables inciden en el proceso de conversión de biomasa a energía, basados
en métodos bioquímicos. En el contraste de hipótesis con otros tipos de RSU (resto de comida) no se
encontraron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Finalmente, los resultados del poder calórico superior e
inferior promedio son de 3742,21 kcal/kg y 3309,68 kcal/kg, que muestran un potencial energético adecuado
para utilizar la biomasa residual como una alternativa válida al uso de nuevas fuentes de energía
renovables, en proyectos de valorización o generación de combustible con tratamiento de fermentación
metánica. El uso de biomasa orgánica urbana o de sus derivados puede considerarse nulo en términos
de emisiones netas que no afectarán al medio ambiente o a la atmósfera.
[Abstract] This work describes the energy potential of a certain type of residual biomass (food scraps) that comes from urban homes and that can be used as an alternative energy resource of clean energy different from the current dependence on fossil energy (domestic LPG gas). The objective of the study was to demonstrate that the level of biogas production is determined by the energy recovery of the organic substrate (food waste), which is viable to feed a device based on methane fermentation to replace the current domestic gas cylinders of 15 kg. The scientific contribution of the article is the result of the research carried out through the randomized experimental design with 5 samples from 196 households and 2 samples from two independent households and their subsequent analysis. The parameters that were measured were: physical analysis, ash melting point, elemental analysis and energy content whose variables influence the process of converting biomass to energy based on biochemical methods. In contrasting hypotheses with other types of MSW (rest of food), no significant differences were found (p > 0,05). Finally, the results of the average upper and lower caloric power are: 3742,21 kcal/kg and 3309,68 kcal/kg showing an adequate energy potential to use the residual biomass as a valid alternative to the use of new renewable energy sources, in recovery projects or fuel generation with methane fermentation treatment. The use of urban organic biomass or its derivatives can be considered null in terms of net emissions that will not affect the environment or the atmosphere.
[Abstract] This work describes the energy potential of a certain type of residual biomass (food scraps) that comes from urban homes and that can be used as an alternative energy resource of clean energy different from the current dependence on fossil energy (domestic LPG gas). The objective of the study was to demonstrate that the level of biogas production is determined by the energy recovery of the organic substrate (food waste), which is viable to feed a device based on methane fermentation to replace the current domestic gas cylinders of 15 kg. The scientific contribution of the article is the result of the research carried out through the randomized experimental design with 5 samples from 196 households and 2 samples from two independent households and their subsequent analysis. The parameters that were measured were: physical analysis, ash melting point, elemental analysis and energy content whose variables influence the process of converting biomass to energy based on biochemical methods. In contrasting hypotheses with other types of MSW (rest of food), no significant differences were found (p > 0,05). Finally, the results of the average upper and lower caloric power are: 3742,21 kcal/kg and 3309,68 kcal/kg showing an adequate energy potential to use the residual biomass as a valid alternative to the use of new renewable energy sources, in recovery projects or fuel generation with methane fermentation treatment. The use of urban organic biomass or its derivatives can be considered null in terms of net emissions that will not affect the environment or the atmosphere.
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