Prognosis after heart transplant in patients with hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy: a nationwide registry analysis

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González-Urbistondo, Francisco
Almenar-Bonet, Luis
Gómez-Bueno, Manuel
González-Vílchez, Francisco
G. Cosío, M. Dolores
López-Granados, Amador
Mirabet, Sonia
Martínez-Sellés, Manuel
Sobrino-Márquez, José Manuel

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González-Urbistondo F, Almenar-Bonet L, Gómez-Bueno M, Crespo-Leiro M, González-Vílchez F, García-Cosío MD, López-Granados A, Mirabet S, Martínez-Sellés M, Sobrino JM, Díez-López C, Farrero M, Díaz-Molina B, Rábago G, de la Fuente-Galán L, Garrido-Bravo I, Blasco-Peiró MT, García-Quintana A, Vázquez de Prada JA. Prognosis after heart transplant in patients with hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy: a nationwide registry analysis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2024 Apr;77(4):304-313. English, Spanish.

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[Abstract] Introduction and objectives: Posttransplant outcomes among recipients with a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) remain controversial. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a nationwide registry of first-time recipients undergoing isolated heart transplant between 1984 and 2021. One-year and 5-year mortality in recipients with HCM and RCM were compared with those with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Results: We included 3703 patients (3112 DCM; 331 HCM; 260 RCM) with a median follow-up of 5.0 [3.1-5.0] years. Compared with DCM, the adjusted 1-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.07-1.78; P=.01, RCM: HR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.14-1.93; P=.003. The adjusted 5-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.17; 95%CI, 0.93-1.47; P=.18; RCM: HR, 1.52; 95%CI, 1.22-1.89; P<.001. Over the last 20 years, the RCM group showed significant improvement in 1-year survival (adjusted R2=0.95) and 5-year survival (R2=0.88); the HCM group showed enhanced the 5-year survival (R2=0.59), but the 1-year survival remained stable (R2=0.16). Conclusions: Both RCM and HCM were linked to a less favorable early posttransplant prognosis compared with DCM. However, at the 5-year mark, this unfavorable difference was evident only for RCM. Notably, a substantial temporal enhancement in both early and late mortality was observed for RCM, while for HCM, this improvement was mainly evident in late mortality.
[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. Existe controversia acerca de los resultados del trasplante cardiaco en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) o restrictiva (MCR). Métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de receptores adultos de un primer trasplante cardiaco entre 1984 y 2021 incluidos en un registro nacional. La mortalidad al primer y quinto año postrasplante en receptores con MCH y MCR se comparó con la de receptores con miocardiopatía dilatada (MCD). Resultados. Se incluyó a 3.703 pacientes (3.112 MCD; 331 MCH y 260 MCR) con seguimiento mediano de 5,0 años (3,1-5,0). En comparación con la MCD, el riesgo ajustado de mortalidad a 1 año fue: MCH: hazard ratio (HR) = 1,38; intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%), 1,07-1,78; p = 0,01, MCR: HR = 1,48; IC95%, 1,14-1,93; p = 0,003. El riesgo ajustado a 5 años fue: MCH: HR = 1,17; IC95%, 0,93-1,47; p = 0,18; MCR: HR = 1,52; IC95%, 1,22-1,89; p < 0,001. En los últimos 20 años, la MCR mejoró significativamente la supervivencia a 1 año (R2 ajustada = 0,95) y a 5 años (R2 = 0,88); la MCH mejoró la supervivencia a 5 años (R2 = 0,59) y a 1 año permaneció estable (R2 = 0,16). Conclusiones. Se asoció la MCR y la MCH a peor pronóstico precoz postrasplante que la MCD. La diferencia desfavorable se mantuvo para la supervivencia a 5 años solo para la MCR. Se observa una tendencia temporal a mejor pronóstico precoz y tardío para la MCR, y solo para el tardío en la MCH.

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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-ND-NC 4.0)
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-ND-NC 4.0)

Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-ND-NC 4.0)