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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/49571 Gestión inteligente de recogida de contenedores RSU en FIWARE basada en optimización de rutas
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Castro Costa, Iván
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Universidade da Coruña. Facultade de Informática
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Abstract
[Resumen] Este trabajo aborda la gestión inteligente de la recogida de contenedores de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en el marco de las ciudades inteligentes (Smart Cities). Para ello, emplea la plataforma FIWARE para integrar datos en tiempo real, optimizar las rutas de recogida y visualizar la información mediante una aplicación web.
En la actualidad, muchos sistemas de recogida de residuos urbanos se organizan a partir de calendarios y recorridos fijos, definidos sin conocer el estado real de los contenedores en el momento de la recogida. Esta desconexión entre la planificación y la operación del servicio provoca situaciones frecuentes en las que se recogen contenedores que apenas están llenos y, al mismo tiempo, se dejan sin atender puntos que llevan demasiado tiempo sin vaciarse. Como consecuencia, los recursos disponibles se utilizan de forma ineficiente, lo que encarece el servicio y genera un impacto ambiental evitable.
La solución propuesta se basa en la sensorización de los contenedores mediante dispositivos IoT que comunican su estado en tiempo real. Con esta información es posible calcular rutas de recogida adaptadas a las necesidades reales del servicio en cada momento. Dado que se trata de un prototipo, los datos de los sensores se generan de forma sintética mediante el FIWARE Device Simulator, una herramienta diseñada para simular de manera sencilla el comportamiento de dispositivos IoT. La información se gestiona con FIWARE, una plataforma de código abierto orientada al desarrollo de aplicaciones inteligentes, utilizando Orion Context Broker para mantener el estado actual de los contenedores y QuantumLeap para almacenar el histórico de datos. El sistema también incorpora un mecanismo de alertas en tiempo real que notifica situaciones como incendios o contenedores que superan el nivel de llenado establecido. El cálculo de rutas óptimas se realiza con VROOM y OSRM, y toda la información se presenta a través de una aplicación web desarrollada con Flask.
[Abstract] This work addresses the smart management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) container collection within the Smart Cities framework. It uses the FIWARE platform to integrate realtime data, optimize collection routes, and display the information through a web application. Current urban waste collection systems often rely on fixed schedules and predefined routes, designed without knowing the actual state of the containers at the time of collection. This disconnect between planning and service operation leads to recurring situations in which vehicles empty containers that are barely full while other collection points remain unattended for too long. As a result, available resources are used inefficiently, increasing service costs and creating an avoidable environmental impact. The proposed solution is based on equipping containers with IoT sensors that report their status in real time. This information makes it possible to calculate collection routes adapted to the actual needs of the service at any given moment. Since this is a prototype, sensor data is generated synthetically using the FIWARE Device Simulator, a tool designed to simulate IoT device behaviour in a straightforward way. The information is managed with FIWARE, an open-source platform for smart application development, using Orion Context Broker to maintain the current state of the containers and QuantumLeap to store historical data. The system also includes a real-time alert mechanism that detects and reports events such as fires or containers exceeding the defined fill level threshold. Route optimization is carried out using VROOM and OSRM, and all information is presented through a web application developed with Flask.
[Abstract] This work addresses the smart management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) container collection within the Smart Cities framework. It uses the FIWARE platform to integrate realtime data, optimize collection routes, and display the information through a web application. Current urban waste collection systems often rely on fixed schedules and predefined routes, designed without knowing the actual state of the containers at the time of collection. This disconnect between planning and service operation leads to recurring situations in which vehicles empty containers that are barely full while other collection points remain unattended for too long. As a result, available resources are used inefficiently, increasing service costs and creating an avoidable environmental impact. The proposed solution is based on equipping containers with IoT sensors that report their status in real time. This information makes it possible to calculate collection routes adapted to the actual needs of the service at any given moment. Since this is a prototype, sensor data is generated synthetically using the FIWARE Device Simulator, a tool designed to simulate IoT device behaviour in a straightforward way. The information is managed with FIWARE, an open-source platform for smart application development, using Orion Context Broker to maintain the current state of the containers and QuantumLeap to store historical data. The system also includes a real-time alert mechanism that detects and reports events such as fires or containers exceeding the defined fill level threshold. Route optimization is carried out using VROOM and OSRM, and all information is presented through a web application developed with Flask.
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