A Proteomic Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Barley: A Review

Abstract

[Abstract] Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop used for food, but it is vulnerable to adverse environments. Abiotic and biotic stress cause alterations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of the barley crop. Many stressors could impact on the development of barley and its quality. Proteomic technologies could be a powerful tool to unravel molecular mechanisms under stress and enables us to obtain new candidates biomarkers of stress. This review is focused on discussing the recent state of the art and current advance in proteomics studies involving in barley under stress. Functional enrichments have been executed with assorted bioinformatics methodologies applied to differentially expressed stress proteins identified in barley. Our results indicate that regardless of the type of abiotic stress analysed, salinity or drought, catalytic and oxidoreductase activity are the most enriched gene ontology terms, as well as the defence processes under biotic stress. These enrichment results from the literature reviewed herein provided an overview of the possible molecular mechanism of stress resistance which could be useful for further analyse to improve stress tolerance in barley crop. This review rounds off with the identification of possible areas requiring further research.