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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/46890 Implicación parental y enfoques de los deberes: efectos longitudinales en el aprendizaje profundo y superficial al finalizar la educación primaria
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Freire, I.
Regueiro, Bibiana
Estévez, Iris
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Rodríguez-Llorente, C., Rodríguez, S., Freire, I., Regueiro, B., Estévez, I., & Piñeiro, I. (2025). Implicación parental y enfoques de los deberes: Efectos longitudinales en el aprendizaje profundo y superficial al finalizar la educación primaria. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 18(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.32457/ejep.v18i2.3077
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Abstract
[Resumen] La implicación de los padres en los deberes escolares representa una práctica extendida con posibles repercusiones a largo plazo en las estrategias de aprendizaje del alumnado. Este estudio longitudinal analizó a 229 estudiantes españoles desde 4º hasta 6º de Educación Primaria, con el objetivo de identificar cómo ciertas conductas parentales—ayuda con los deberes, interés por el progreso, priorización de las tareas, uso de recompensas y demostración de confianza—predicen la adopción de enfoques profundos o superficiales hacia los deberes. El modelado estructural evidenció que la priorización temprana de los deberes y el interés parental por el avance académico se asocian con un enfoque profundo en 6º curso, mientras que el uso de recompensas y la ayuda excesiva predicen un enfoque superficial. Asimismo, la confianza e interés manifestados por los padres contribuyen a reducir el aprendizaje superficial. Estos resultados subrayan la relevancia de promover prácticas parentales de apoyo y autonomía para favorecer una implicación reflexiva en los deberes durante la etapa final de la Educación Primaria.
[Abstract] Parental involvement in children's homework is a prevalent practice with potential long-term effects on students’ learning strategies. This longitudinal study examined 229 Spanish primary students from 4th to 6th grade to analyze how specific parental behaviors—help with homework, interest in progress, prioritization of homework, use of rewards, and confidence—predict students’ deep or surface approaches to homework. Structural modeling revealed that early parental prioritization and interest in children’s progress positively influenced a deep learning approach by 6th grade, while the use of rewards and excessive help predicted a surface approach. Confidence and interest shown by parents also reduced surface learning tendencies. These findings highlight the importance of fostering supportive, autonomy-enhancing parental practices to promote reflective engagement in homework tasks during the final stages of primary education.
[Abstract] Parental involvement in children's homework is a prevalent practice with potential long-term effects on students’ learning strategies. This longitudinal study examined 229 Spanish primary students from 4th to 6th grade to analyze how specific parental behaviors—help with homework, interest in progress, prioritization of homework, use of rewards, and confidence—predict students’ deep or surface approaches to homework. Structural modeling revealed that early parental prioritization and interest in children’s progress positively influenced a deep learning approach by 6th grade, while the use of rewards and excessive help predicted a surface approach. Confidence and interest shown by parents also reduced surface learning tendencies. These findings highlight the importance of fostering supportive, autonomy-enhancing parental practices to promote reflective engagement in homework tasks during the final stages of primary education.
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Keywords
Implicación parental Estrategias de deberes Aprendizaje profundo Aprendizaje superficial Educación primaria Estudio longitudinal Motivación académica Modelado de ecuaciones estructurales Parental involvement Homework strategies Deep learning Surface learning Primary education Longitudinal study Learning motivation Structural equation modeling
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