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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/50080 Análisis crítico de las predicciones tempranas sobre la fauna terrestre amenazada en España a la luz de los cambios socioeconómicos de los últimos 50 años
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Ron-Arroyo, N., Oro, D., & Martínez-Abraín, A. (2026). Análisis crítico de las predicciones tempranas sobre la fauna terrestre amenazada en España a la luz de los cambios socioeconómicos de los últimos 50 años . Ecosistemas, 35(1), 3151. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.3151
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[Resumen] En este estudio demostramos por primera vez que las predicciones sobre el futuro de la fauna vertebrada amenazada realizadas en los inicios de las políticas de conservación en España (años 70 del siglo XX) tuvieron una probabilidad baja de acierto (0.29 [0.15-0.45] IC 95 %), y por lo tanto peor de lo esperable por puro azar (0.5). Las predicciones fueron especialmente pobres en el caso de las aves y de los depredadores, en contraste con mamíferos y no depredadores. En concreto, las predicciones de futuros declives, identificadas por nosotros en una búsqueda de literatura faunística de los años 70, acertaron mucho menos (0.20 [0.07-0.38]) que las predicciones de recuperación (0.62 [0.25-0.91]). Discutimos estos resultados dentro del marco de la conservación de especies y de espacios, pero también de los cambios socioeconómicos experimentados por el país en los últimos 50 años, poniendo especial énfasis en las inesperadas consecuencias directas (disminución de la persecución directa) e indirectas (cambios en el uso del suelo) del éxodo rural. Si tenemos en cuenta sólo las predicciones de declive, sugerimos que el abandono del medio rural estuvo detrás del fallo de predicción en un 53.1 % de los casos, frente al 46.9 % atribuible a la conservación. Además, se repasaron los distintos catálogos nacionales de fauna amenazada desde el primer Listado promovido por Blas Aritio en 1973, concluyéndose que en general no han reflejado bien la mejora del estatus de las antiguas especies amenazadas.
[Abstract] In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that predictions about the future of threatened vertebrate fauna made at the beginning of conservation efforts in Spain (1970s) had a low probability of being correct (0.28 [0.15-0.45] IC 95%) and were therefore worse than would be expected by pure chance (0.5). Predictions were particularly poor for birds and predators, in contrast to mammals and nonpredators. Specifically, predictions of future declines, which we identified in a literature search on wildlife from the 1970s, were much less accurate (0.20 [0.07–0.38]) than predictions of recovery (0.62 [0.25–0.91]). We discuss these results within the framework of species and habitat conservation, but also in relation to the socioeconomic changes experienced in Spain over the last 50 years, placing particular emphasis on the unexpected direct (reduced direct persecution) and indirect (changes in land use) consequences of rural exodus. If we consider only the decline predictions, we suggest that rural abandonment was behind the prediction failure in 53.1% of cases, compared to 46.9% attributable to conservation efforts. Furthermore, we reviewed the various national catalogues of threatened fauna since the first List promoted by Blas Aritio in 1973 and concluded that, in general, they have not accurately reflected the improved status of formerly threatened species.
[Abstract] In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that predictions about the future of threatened vertebrate fauna made at the beginning of conservation efforts in Spain (1970s) had a low probability of being correct (0.28 [0.15-0.45] IC 95%) and were therefore worse than would be expected by pure chance (0.5). Predictions were particularly poor for birds and predators, in contrast to mammals and nonpredators. Specifically, predictions of future declines, which we identified in a literature search on wildlife from the 1970s, were much less accurate (0.20 [0.07–0.38]) than predictions of recovery (0.62 [0.25–0.91]). We discuss these results within the framework of species and habitat conservation, but also in relation to the socioeconomic changes experienced in Spain over the last 50 years, placing particular emphasis on the unexpected direct (reduced direct persecution) and indirect (changes in land use) consequences of rural exodus. If we consider only the decline predictions, we suggest that rural abandonment was behind the prediction failure in 53.1% of cases, compared to 46.9% attributable to conservation efforts. Furthermore, we reviewed the various national catalogues of threatened fauna since the first List promoted by Blas Aritio in 1973 and concluded that, in general, they have not accurately reflected the improved status of formerly threatened species.
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