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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/47772 El consumo de gas en España, 1935-1961
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Mirás Araujo J. & Martínez López A. (2026). El consumo de gas en España, 1935-1961. Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 48(1), 17-38. https://doi.org/10.5209/chco.103693
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[Resumen] Los años 1935-1961 son un periodo de crisis, adaptación y transformación de la industria del gas en España. La Guerra Civil, la política autárquica y la obsolescencia tecnológica afectaron a la producción, obligando al cierre de numerosas fábricas. En 1958 un nuevo competidor se sumó al gas producido con carbón, el gas butano, barato y más versátil. A mediados de los sesenta, el gas fabricado a partir de las naftas del petróleo comenzó a sustituir al tradicional. El objetivo del trabajo es investigar el impacto de ese contexto sobre el consumo de gas. El punto de partida será la situación previa a la Guerra Civil; el de llegada, el momento anterior al despegue de la producción con naftas y con disponibilidad de datos desglosados (ya con cierta relevancia del gas butano), lo que permite valorar su impacto sobre el gas canalizado. Se aplicará una metodología analítica, estudiando dicho consumo a diversas escalas geográficas: local (por tamaños de población), regional y nacional, en distintos cortes cronológicos y a lo largo de toda la serie temporal. Se intentarán explicar las variaciones a lo largo del tiempo y las diferencias entre los distintos espacios. Finalmente, efectuaremos una comparación internacional, en momentos significativos, con otros países de la Europa Latina, para cotejar si hubo peculiaridad en el caso español y sus causas. Para ello, se utilizarán fuentes como los Datos estadísticos técnicos de la industria del gas y Les Statistiques Européennes de l'Industrie du Gaz.
[Abstract] The years 1935-1961 are a period of crisis, adaptation and transformation of the gas industry in Spain. The Civil War, the autarkic policy and technological obsolescence affected production, forcing the closure of many factories. In 1958, a new competitor merged the gas manufactured with coal, butane gas, which was cheap and more versatile. In the mid-sixties, gas made from petroleum naphtha began to replace the traditional one. The aim of the article is to study the impact of this context on gas consumption. The starting point is the situation before the Civil War; the end point, the moment before the take-off of production with naphtha, and with disaggregated data available (now with a certain relevance of butane gas), which allows its impact on the manufactured gas to be assessed. An analytical methodology will be applied, studying consumption at several geographical scales: local (by population size), regional and national, in different chronological sections and throughout the whole time series. An attempt will be made to explain the variations over time and the differences between different spaces. Finally, an international comparison will be carried out, in significant moments, with other countries in Latin Europe, in order to compare whether there was a peculiarity in the Spanish case and its causes. For this, sources such as the Datos estadísticos técnicos de la industria del gas and Les Statistiques Européennes de l’Industrie du Gaz will be used.
[Abstract] The years 1935-1961 are a period of crisis, adaptation and transformation of the gas industry in Spain. The Civil War, the autarkic policy and technological obsolescence affected production, forcing the closure of many factories. In 1958, a new competitor merged the gas manufactured with coal, butane gas, which was cheap and more versatile. In the mid-sixties, gas made from petroleum naphtha began to replace the traditional one. The aim of the article is to study the impact of this context on gas consumption. The starting point is the situation before the Civil War; the end point, the moment before the take-off of production with naphtha, and with disaggregated data available (now with a certain relevance of butane gas), which allows its impact on the manufactured gas to be assessed. An analytical methodology will be applied, studying consumption at several geographical scales: local (by population size), regional and national, in different chronological sections and throughout the whole time series. An attempt will be made to explain the variations over time and the differences between different spaces. Finally, an international comparison will be carried out, in significant moments, with other countries in Latin Europe, in order to compare whether there was a peculiarity in the Spanish case and its causes. For this, sources such as the Datos estadísticos técnicos de la industria del gas and Les Statistiques Européennes de l’Industrie du Gaz will be used.
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