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https://hdl.handle.net/2183/49278 Aprendizaje y evaluación de la gimnasia artística en la clase de Educación Física: una perspectiva basada en las experiencias del estudiantado de pedagogía
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Muñoz-Sepúlveda, Fernando
Vásquez-Cerda, Pablo
Añazco Martinez, Luis Alfredo
Molina-Elizalde, Juan Pablo
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Muñoz-Sepúlveda, F.; Vásquez-Cerda, P.; Añazco Martínez, L.A.; Molina-Elizalde, J.P.(2025). Aprendizaje y evaluación de la Gimnasia artística en la clase de Educación Física: una perspectiva basada en las experiencias del estudiantado de pedagogía. Sportis Sci J, 11(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.2.11348
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Abstract
[Resumen] El currículo nacional de Educación Física establece la posibilidad de incorporar diversos deportes individuales en sus objetivos, siendo la gimnasia artística uno de ellos. El propósito de la investigación es caracterizar la enseñanza y evaluación de la gimnasia artística en el ámbito escolar, a partir de las experiencias de estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto con una muestra no probabilística. Desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, se empleó un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, aplicando un cuestionario validado por contenido y juicio de expertos, con preguntas tanto abiertas como cerradas. En cuanto al enfoque cualitativo, se adoptó un enfoque fenomenológico e interpretativo, sometiendo las respuestas abiertas a codificación para identificar unidades hermenéuticas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 93 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física, de los cuales 79 eran hombres (84.95%) y 14 mujeres (15.05%), con una edad promedio de 19.26 ± 1.28 años. Los resultados muestran una alta frecuencia de ejercicios de suelo en la educación básica, especialmente entre 5º y 8º básico, con una variedad de emociones que van desde la satisfacción por los logros hasta el miedo y la ansiedad durante la evaluación. Se concluyó que la manera en que se enseña y evalúa influye directamente en las emociones de los estudiantes hacia la disciplina, es fundamental priorizar metodologías progresivas que respeten la diversidad del aula, con el fin de evitar sentimientos de frustración, miedo y ansiedad.
[Abstract] The national Physical Education curriculum establishes the possibility of incorporating various individual sports into its objectives, with artistic gymnastics being one of them. The purpose of this research is to characterize the teaching and assessment of artistic gymnastics in schools based on the experiences of first-year students in the Physical Education Pedagogy program. A mixed-methods approach was used with a non-probabilistic sample. From a quantitative perspective, a cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, applying a questionnaire validated by content and expert judgment, which included both open-ended and closed-ended questions. For the qualitative approach, a phenomenological and interpretive perspective was adopted, with open-ended responses subjected to coding to identify hermeneutic units. The sample consisted of 93 first-year Physical Education Pedagogy students, of which 79 were men (84.95%) and 14 were women (15.05%), with an average age of 19.26 ± 1.28 years. The results indicate a high frequency of floor exercises in basic education, particularly between grades 5 and 8, with a variety of emotions ranging from satisfaction with achievements to fear and anxiety during evaluation. It was concluded that the way gymnastics is taught and assessed directly influences students' emotions toward the discipline. It is essential to prioritize progressive methodologies that respect classroom diversity to avoid feelings of frustration, fear, and anxiety.
[Abstract] The national Physical Education curriculum establishes the possibility of incorporating various individual sports into its objectives, with artistic gymnastics being one of them. The purpose of this research is to characterize the teaching and assessment of artistic gymnastics in schools based on the experiences of first-year students in the Physical Education Pedagogy program. A mixed-methods approach was used with a non-probabilistic sample. From a quantitative perspective, a cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, applying a questionnaire validated by content and expert judgment, which included both open-ended and closed-ended questions. For the qualitative approach, a phenomenological and interpretive perspective was adopted, with open-ended responses subjected to coding to identify hermeneutic units. The sample consisted of 93 first-year Physical Education Pedagogy students, of which 79 were men (84.95%) and 14 were women (15.05%), with an average age of 19.26 ± 1.28 years. The results indicate a high frequency of floor exercises in basic education, particularly between grades 5 and 8, with a variety of emotions ranging from satisfaction with achievements to fear and anxiety during evaluation. It was concluded that the way gymnastics is taught and assessed directly influences students' emotions toward the discipline. It is essential to prioritize progressive methodologies that respect classroom diversity to avoid feelings of frustration, fear, and anxiety.
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