Extensión de navegador orientada á navegación segura

Abstract

[Resumo]: Na actualidade, os ciberataques a través de sitios web e descargas maliciosas representan unha ameaza significativa para a seguridade dos usuarios, especialmente para aqueles con pouca experiencia técnica. A dificultade para identificar URLs perigosas ou descargas sospeitosas fai necesario dispoñer de ferramentas accesibles que reforcen a protección durante a navegación. Este traballo de fin de grao propón o desenvolvemento de SafeWeb, unha extensión de navegador orientada a mellorar a seguridade do usuario mediante a análise de URLs e descargas potencialmente perigosas. A extensión permite escoller entre dous modos de funcionamento (manual ou automático), presenta alertas visuais comprensibles en caso de risco, e mantén un historial de análises local e editable para cada perfil de usuario. O sistema complétase cun servizo web desenvolvido en FastAPI, encargado de realizar as análises a través de servizos externos como VirusTotal, Google Safe Browsing, AbuseIPDB ou ScamMinder, e de manter unha cache global compartida entre todos os usuarios para evitar consultas redundantes e mellorar o rendemento. Para o almacenamento empregouse MongoDB, mentres que o frontend da extensión está desenvolvido con JavaScript empregando a WebExtensions API, garantindo a compatibilidade con navegadores como Chrome e Edge. Durante o desenvolvemento seguiuse unha metodoloxía iterativa e incremental, estruturando o traballo en sprints que foron introducindo de forma progresiva as diferentes funcionalidades. O proxecto pon especial atención na usabilidade, privacidade e escalabilidade, buscando ofrecer unha ferramenta intuitiva, útil e adaptable aos usuarios menos expertos no ámbito da ciberseguridade.[Abstract]: Nowadays, cyberattacks through malicious websites and downloads represent a significant threat to user security, especially for individuals with limited technical knowledge. The difficulty in identifying dangerous URLs or suspicious downloads highlights the need for accessible tools that can reinforce protection during web browsing. This Final Degree Project presents the development of SafeWeb, a browser extension designed to enhance user safety by analyzing potentially harmful URLs and downloads. The extension allows users to choose between two operating modes (manual or automatic), displays clear visual alerts in case of threats, and maintains a local, editable history of all scans performed from each browser profile. The system is supported by a backend service developed with FastAPI, which performs the analyses through external services such as VirusTotal, Google Safe Browsing, AbuseIPDB, and ScamMinder, while maintaining a shared global cache among all users to avoid redundant requests and improve performance. MongoDB is used for data storage, and the extension frontend is built with JavaScript using the WebExtensions API, ensuring compatibility with modern browsers such as Chrome and Edge. An iterative and incremental development methodology was followed, with the project structured into sprints that progressively incorporated the required functionalities. Special attention was given to usability, privacy, and scalability, aiming to deliver an intuitive, effective, and user-friendly tool for non-expert users in the field of cybersecurity.