Ethical and Participatory Decision-Making in Military Contexts: A Delphi Method Approach

Abstract

[Abstract]: Decision-making in military contexts is inherently complex, characterized by high uncertainty, operational pressure, and profound ethical challenges. This article explores the intersection of ethical and participatory decision-making in military environments, emphasizing the potential of the Delphi Method as a structured, iterative approach to enhance moral reasoning and collective input. Drawing on adaptive leadership principles, the Delphi Method provides a framework for mitigating hierarchical and cognitive biases, promoting inclusive participation, and fostering ethical reflection among military experts. By integrating expert insights systematically, the method supports commanders in making morally grounded and operationally effective decisions. Implications for military professional ethics, organizational legitimacy, and operational performance are discussed, alongside considerations for future research and practical implementation. In addition, we clarify the specific contribution of Delphi to the validation and ethical governance of AI-based decision-support systems in defense.