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http://hdl.handle.net/2183/38835 Deterioro cognitivo y recuperación espontánea en pacientes con diagnóstico de Consumo Perjudicial o Síndrome de Dependencia Alcohólico
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Lage Muíño, M. A. & Risso Migues, A. G. (2020). Deterioro cognitivo y recuperación espontánea en pacientes con diagnóstico de Consumo Perjudicial o Síndrome de Dependencia Alcohólico. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología , 13 (3), 149-158. Obtenido de: https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu. co/article/view/1929
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Abstract
[Resumen] El objetivo de este trabajo era conocer
el alcance del deterioro de las funciones
cognitivas debido al consumo abusivo de
alcohol y su posible recuperación espontánea,
así como observar la evolución temporal
de esta recuperación, desde el inicio hasta
los 24 meses de la abstinencia. Participaron
voluntariamente 100 pacientes de ambos
sexos, en tratamiento de deshabituación
de consumo perjudicial o síndrome de
dependencia alcohólico, agrupados en
cohortes según tiempo de abstinencia. El
grupo control estuvo formado por 20 personas
sin antecedentes de alcoholismo, equiparadas
con los pacientes en las variables edad,
sexo y nivel de estudios. Los datos sociodemográficos
y clínicos se recogieron con una
anamnesis protocolizada, mientras que para
evaluar el deterioro cognitivo se emplearon
el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) y el
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), en sus
versiones al español. Para cada participante
se obtuvieron datos de 8 variables clínicas y
socio-demográficas y 27 variables cognitivas.
Se observaron diferencias significativas
entre las medidas de las mismas variables
cognitivas proporcionadas por ambos
instrumentos, siendo más discriminativo
el MoCA. Los resultados mostraron que el
deterioro y la recuperación espontánea varían
para las distintas funciones cognitivas y que
los cambios más significativos se dan seis
meses después de iniciada la deshabituación
y entre los 18 y 24 meses. En base a la
evidencia obtenida, atención, memoria y
lenguaje se perfilan como las funciones más
susceptibles de beneficiarse de un programa
de rehabilitación cognitiva, que convendría
implementar entre los 6 y 18 meses de
abstinencia.
[Abstract] The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the deterioration of cognitive functions due to alcohol abuse and its possible spontaneous recovery, as well as to observe the temporal evolution of this recovery, from the beginning to 24 months of abstinence. One hundred patients of both sexes participate voluntarily. All were in treatment for harmful drinking cessation or alcohol dependency syndrome, and they were grouped into cohorts according to withdrawal time. The control group consisted of 20 people with no history of alcoholism, paired with the patients in the variables of age, sex and educational level. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a standardized anamnesis, while the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), in their Spanish versions, were used to assess cognitive impairment. For each participant, data was obtained on 8 clinical and socio-demographic variables and 27 cognitive variables. Significant differences were observed between measures of the same cognitive variables provided by both instruments, with MoCA being more discriminating. The results showed that both the deterioration at the beginning of abstinence and its subsequent spontaneous recovery are different for each variable, and that the most outstanding changes occur 6 months after starting abstinence, and later on, between 18 and 24 months. According the obtained evidence, Attention and Language are the variables most likely to benefit from a cognitive rehabilitation program, which should be implemented between 6 and 18 months of abstinence
[Abstract] The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the deterioration of cognitive functions due to alcohol abuse and its possible spontaneous recovery, as well as to observe the temporal evolution of this recovery, from the beginning to 24 months of abstinence. One hundred patients of both sexes participate voluntarily. All were in treatment for harmful drinking cessation or alcohol dependency syndrome, and they were grouped into cohorts according to withdrawal time. The control group consisted of 20 people with no history of alcoholism, paired with the patients in the variables of age, sex and educational level. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a standardized anamnesis, while the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), in their Spanish versions, were used to assess cognitive impairment. For each participant, data was obtained on 8 clinical and socio-demographic variables and 27 cognitive variables. Significant differences were observed between measures of the same cognitive variables provided by both instruments, with MoCA being more discriminating. The results showed that both the deterioration at the beginning of abstinence and its subsequent spontaneous recovery are different for each variable, and that the most outstanding changes occur 6 months after starting abstinence, and later on, between 18 and 24 months. According the obtained evidence, Attention and Language are the variables most likely to benefit from a cognitive rehabilitation program, which should be implemented between 6 and 18 months of abstinence
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