Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in Galicia
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in GaliciaAutor(es)
Fecha
2021Cita bibliográfica
Carral, L.; Cartelle Barros, J.J.; Carro Fidalgo, H.; Camba Fabal, C.; Munín Doce, A. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in Galicia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1909. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041909
Resumen
[Abstract] The principle of sustainability should condition a project in which artificial reefs are being installed to protect biodiversity as well as enhance costal ecosystems. In particular, this principle should be taken into account in the logistical processes related to manufacture and transport. This study assesses the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED) of developing a coastal ecosystem enhancement programme in the estuary region of Galicia, north-western Spain. The focus is on the processes involved in creating green artificial reefs (GARs): manufacture, transport and installation. The starting point is the supply chain for the green artificial reef (GAR) units; greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and energy needs for each phase are analysed. Various scenarios are considered to determine which options are indeed available when it comes to establishing the supply chain. Different types of energy supplies, different options for the location of production centres, as well as different means of transport were studied. Results reveal the critical phases for selecting how the GAR units must be produced, transported by road and sea and then installed in their permanent location.
Palabras clave
Arrecifes artificiales
Recursos energéticos
Desarrollo sostenible
Energías renovables
Artificial reefs
Ecosystem enhancement
Global warming potential
Cumulative energy demand
Supply chain
Recursos energéticos
Desarrollo sostenible
Energías renovables
Artificial reefs
Ecosystem enhancement
Global warming potential
Cumulative energy demand
Supply chain
Versión del editor
Derechos
Atribución 4.0 Internacional
ISSN
1661-7827