Multistage Detection of Tetrodotoxin Traces in Diodon hystrix Collected in El Salvador
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Multistage Detection of Tetrodotoxin Traces in Diodon hystrix Collected in El SalvadorAuthor(s)
Date
2023-06-25Citation
Fuentes-Monteverde, J.C.; Núñez, M.J.; Amaya-Monterosa, O.; Martínez, M.L.; Rodríguez, J.; Jiménez, C. Multistage Detection of Tetrodotoxin Traces in Diodon Hystrix Collected in El Salvador. Toxins 2023, 15, 409, doi:10.3390/toxins15070409.
Abstract
[Abstract] This study describes a multistage methodology to detect minute amounts of tetrodotoxin in fishes, a plan that may be broadened to include other marine organisms. This methodology was applied to porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix) collected in Punta Chiquirín, El Salvador. A three-stage approach along with post-acquisition processing was employed, to wit: (a) Sample screening by selected reaction monitoring (HPLC-MS/MS-SRM) analyses to quickly identify possible toxin presence via a LC/MS/MS API 3200 system with a triple quadrupole; (b) HPLC-HRFTMS-full scan analyses using an ion trap-Orbitrap spectrometer combined with an MZmine 2-enhanced dereplication-like workflow to collect high-resolution mass spectra; and (c) HPLC-HRMS2 analyses. This is the first time tetrodotoxin has been reported in D. hystrix specimens collected in El Salvador.
Keywords
Tetrodotoxin
HPLC-HRMS
HPLC-MS/MS-SRM
HPLC-HRMS2
Diodon hystrix
MZmine
Natural products detection
HPLC-HRMS
HPLC-MS/MS-SRM
HPLC-HRMS2
Diodon hystrix
MZmine
Natural products detection
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Rights
Atribución 4.0 Internacional
ISSN
2072-6651