Butterflies in the Bards' Beard: The Entanglement of Whitman's and Lorca's Poetics of Masculinity
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Butterflies in the Bards' Beard: The Entanglement of Whitman's and Lorca's Poetics of MasculinityAutor(es)
Directores
Núñez-Puente, CarolinaFecha
2023Centro/Dpto/Entidad
Universidade da Coruña. Facultade de FiloloxíaDescripción
Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIL). Inglés: estudios lingüísticos y literarios. Curso 2022/2023Resumen
[Abstract] The object of study of this end-of-degree project is to compare Walt Whitman’s Leaves
of Grass (1855-1892) and Federico García Lorca’s Poeta en Nueva York (1929) through the
perspective of masculinity studies. I intend to examine the connections between the two poets
in relation to masculinity, as well as how these are reflected in the textual dimension. In doing
so, I will demonstrate that Lorca's Poeta en Nueva York functions as a response to Walt
Whitman's Leaves of Grass, allowing for a poetic dialogue between the two authors through
which the former partly manages to come to terms with his homosexuality. Throughout this
paper, I will also study the concepts of “hegemonic and alternative masculinities” as well as
“homoeroticism” and how they are reflected on the aforementioned poetic works.
Moreover, I will analyze the form and content of both Leaves of Grass and Poeta en
Nueva York seeking to delve deeper into the poetic visions of Whitman and Lorca, exploring
the ways in which their works intertwine and inform one another. By uncovering the
similarities, differences, and hidden subtleties that characterize their poetics, I hope to gain a
major understanding of the intricate and multifaceted nature of masculinity as conveyed
through poetry.
Regarding the methodology I followed for the elaboration of this dissertation, I first
conducted a close reading of both works, selecting the most relevant and appropriate texts for
my study. To examine Leaves of Grass, I focused on the poems in the “Children of Adam” and
“Calamus” clusters, as well as the poem “Song of Myself.” From Poeta en Nueva York, I
selected poems that complemented other works produced during Lorca's trip to New York, such
as El público (1929). Through them, I will highlight the significant change that takes place in
Lorca's writing, who, from his reading of Whitman and taking him as a referent, projects his
homoerotic desire in entirely new directions.
Next, I gathered information on masculinity, gender, and queer studies as well as
literary criticism from academic sources, such as JSTOR or Dialnet and books from the UDC's
Faculty of Philology library. Having consulted studies by scholars like Josep M. Armengol,
Karen Sanchez-Eppler, and Ángel Sahuquillo, I applied the theoretical framework to the works
of Whitman and Lorca, establishing a comparison between them.
In terms of structure, this paper has two main parts: “Men of their Times: Modern
Masculinities?” and “Beyond the Ode: Poetic Encounters among Leaves of Grass.” The first
part examines the construction of hegemonic masculinity and how Whitman's and Lorca's
writings relate to it. The second part focuses on the male body as a central theme in both authors'
works and how they use their own individual selves to validate sexual identities that diverge
from social norms. The paper compares the optimism in Whitman's poetry to the fatalism in
Lorca’s and how they interact and complement each other. I draw on various texts to illustrate
these points and reach the conclusion that, as Whitman and Lorca explore masculinity and
sexuality in their poetry, their poetics become intertwined, resulting in a deep and enduring
lyrical conversation.
Palabras clave
Whitman, Walt
Leaves of Grass
García Lorca, Federico
Poeta en Nueva York
Poesía comparada
Masculinidad
Homosexualidad
Leaves of Grass
García Lorca, Federico
Poeta en Nueva York
Poesía comparada
Masculinidad
Homosexualidad
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