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Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021)
dc.contributor.author | Barbeito, Inés | |
dc.contributor.author | Precioso, Daniel | |
dc.contributor.author | Sierra, María José | |
dc.contributor.author | Vegas-Azcárate, Susana | |
dc.contributor.author | Fernández-Balbuena, Sonia | |
dc.contributor.author | Vitoriano, Begoña | |
dc.contributor.author | Gómez-Ullate, David | |
dc.contributor.author | Cao, Ricardo | |
dc.contributor.author | Monge, Susana | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-05-19T17:34:46Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-05-19T17:34:46Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Barbeito I, Precioso D, Sierra MJ, Vegas-Azcárate S, Fernández Balbuena S, Vitoriano B, Goméz-Ullate D, Cao R, Monge S and the Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Spain (2023) Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021). Front. Public Health 11:1061331. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 2296-2565 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2183/33102 | |
dc.description.abstract | [Abstract]: Background: We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021. Methods: A stringency index (0–1) was created for each Spanish province (n = 50) daily. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted. The median of coefficients across provinces (95% bootstrap confidence intervals) quantified the effect of increasing one standard deviation in the stringency index over the logarithmic return of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, lagged 12 days. Results: Overall, increasing restrictions reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0, 0.82) in 1 week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0, 0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0, 0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0, 0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0, 0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0, 0.96). Models R2 was around 70%. Conclusion: Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution. Copyright © 2023 Barbeito, Precioso, Sierra, Vegas-Azcárate, Fernández Balbuena, Vitoriano, Goméz-Ullate, Cao, Monge and the Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Spain. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work has been partially supported by GAIN (Galician Innovation Agency) and the Regional Ministry of Economy, Employment and Industry, Xunta de Galicia IN845D 2020/26 (Grant COV20/00604) through the ERDF (2014-2020). The research of DGU has been financed in part by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación under grants PID2021-122154NB-I00 and TED2021-129455B-I00, and by a 2021 BBVA Foundation project for research in Mathematics. He also acknowledges support from the EU under the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia (FEDER-UCA18-108393). | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Xunta de Galicia; COV20/00604 | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Xunta de Galicia; IN845D 2020/26 | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Junta de Andalucía; UCA18-108393 | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. | es_ES |
dc.relation | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-122154NB-I00/ES/ORTOGONALIDAD Y APROXIMACION CON APLICACIONES EN MACHINE LEARNING Y TEORIA DE LA PROBABILIDAD | es_ES |
dc.relation.uri | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1061331 | es_ES |
dc.rights | Atribución 3.0 España | es_ES |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ | * |
dc.subject | COVID-19 | es_ES |
dc.subject | effectiveness | es_ES |
dc.subject | hierarchical models | es_ES |
dc.subject | logarithmic return | es_ES |
dc.subject | non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) | es_ES |
dc.subject | pandemic | es_ES |
dc.subject | SARS-CoV-2 | es_ES |
dc.subject | stringency index | es_ES |
dc.title | Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020–May 2021) | es_ES |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es_ES |
dc.rights.access | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | es_ES |
UDC.journalTitle | Frontiers in Public Health | es_ES |
UDC.volume | 11 | es_ES |
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