Cross‑modal reaction of auditory and visual cortices after long‑term bilateral hearing deprivation in the rat
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Cross‑modal reaction of auditory and visual cortices after long‑term bilateral hearing deprivation in the ratAuthor(s)
Date
2019-11-28Citation
Pernia M, Díaz I, Colmenárez-Raga AC, Rivadulla C, Cudeiro J, Plaza I, et al. Cross-modal reaction of auditory and visual cortices after long-term bilateral hearing deprivation in the rat. Brain Struct Funct. 2020; 225(1):129-148.
Abstract
[Abstract]
Visual cortex (VC) over-activation analysed by evoked responses has been demonstrated in congenital deafness and after longterm acquired hearing loss in humans. However, permanent hearing deprivation has not yet been explored in animal models.
Thus, the present study aimed to examine functional and molecular changes underlying the visual and auditory cross-modal
reaction. For such purpose, we analysed cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and the gene expression (RT-qPCR) of a
set of markers for neuronal activation (c-Fos) and activity-dependent homeostatic compensation (Arc/Arg3.1). To determine
the state of excitation and inhibition, we performed RT-qPCR and quantitative immunocytochemistry for excitatory (receptor
subunits GluA2/3) and inhibitory (GABAA-α1, GABAB-R2, GAD65/67 and parvalbumin-PV) markers. VC over-activation
was demonstrated by a signifcant increase in VEPs wave N1 and by up-regulation of the activity-dependent early genes
c-Fos and Arc/Arg3.1 (thus confrming, by RT-qPCR, our previously published immunocytochemical results). GluA2 gene
and protein expression were signifcantly increased in the auditory cortex (AC), particularly in layers 2/3 pyramidal neurons,
but inhibitory markers (GAD65/67 and PV-GABA interneurons) were also signifcantly upregulated in the AC, indicating
a concurrent increase in inhibition. Therefore, after permanent hearing loss in the rat, the VC is not only over-activated but
also potentially balanced by homeostatic regulation, while excitatory and inhibitory markers remain imbalanced in the AC,
most likely resulting from changes in horizontal intermodal regulation
Keywords
Visual evoked potentials
RT-qPCR
Quantitative immunocytochemistry
GluA2/3 (RRID: AB_90710)
GAD 67 (RRID: AB_2278725)
Parvalbumin (AB_10000344)
RT-qPCR
Quantitative immunocytochemistry
GluA2/3 (RRID: AB_90710)
GAD 67 (RRID: AB_2278725)
Parvalbumin (AB_10000344)
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Rights
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC-BY 4.0)
ISSN
1863-2661