Amputar, segar, limpar e purificar: a depuración do maxisterio durante o franquismo

Abstract

[Resumo] A ditadura franquista, desexando deslexitimar as políticas educativas republicanas, converteu o maxisterio primario en obxectivo prioritario da súa acción represiva, para o que articulou unha tupida rede de mecanismos destinados a purgalo e esixir responsabilidades. A depuración, co seu duplo carácter punitivo e preventivo, tivo o seu inicio de xeito inmediato ao golpe militar e durou ata a finalización da ditadura. Na primeira parte do artigo trazaremos as liñas xerais dos fundamentos ideolóxicos e legais da depuración, e exporemos as súas fases e os mecanismos utilizados. Na segunda, tras unha revisión das publicacións máis recentes, tentaremos un balance do estado da cuestión, detallando as porcentaxes de persoas sancionadas das provincias analizadas e mais a incidencia das variables territoriais, de xénero e de renovación pedagóxica, así como algúns datos sobre o alcance da represión física do maxisterio. Concluímos reafirmando o carácter político e a arbitrariedade e indiscriminación do proceso depurativo

[Abstract] In its effort to discredit the education policy established under the Republic, the Franco regime focussed on the primary teaching profession as the main target of its repressive actions. The regime designed a complex network of mechanisms to carry out the purge and demand accountability. The purge, whose purpose was twofold –punitive and preventive- began immediately after the military coup and lasted until the end of the dictatorship. The first part of the article offers a broad outline of the ideological principles and legal basis of the purge and describes the different stages and the mechanisms used. In the second part, after a review of the recent publications, the article takes stock of the issue, specifying the percentage of people who were sanctioned in the provinces under study as well as the effect of variables related to territory, gender, and pedagogical renewal. Data are also provided on the scope of the physical repression of schoolteachers. The conclusion confirms the political nature of the purge, which was carried out arbitrarily and indiscriminately